Understanding the Market Dynamics of Bushmeat Trade in Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria

Abstract

The bushmeat trade remains an important source of income in West Africa; however, it poses significant conservation and public health challenges due to the exploitation of protected species, informal supply chains, and low awareness of ecological risks. This study examined species diversity, market structure, and conservation awareness among bushmeat traders in Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria, using structured questionnaires administered to 65 respondents. Women dominated the trade (79%), largely as retailers, while men were more active as hunters and wholesalers. Most traders were approximately 37 years old (80%), with limited formal education. Sixteen wildlife species were recorded, with grasscutter (Thryonomys swinderianus,25%), antelope (Cephalophus spp.,14%), and giant rat (Cricetomys spp.,11%) most frequently sold. Processed meat commanded higher prices depending on species and size. Despite protection laws, pangolin (Phataginus tricuspis) and mona monkey (Cercopithecus mona) were still traded. The market followed a multi-tiered chain involving hunters (45%), wholesalers (15%), households (12%), restaurants (11%), and farmers (2%). Smoking was the primary processing method (98%), with re-smoking (32%) and sun-drying (29%) also used. Preservation method was significantly associated with age (χ²=9.121, p=0.010), whereas hunting method showed no significant association with demographic characteristics (χ²=0.372,  p=0.542). None of the respondents perceived bushmeat as a potential source of disease transmission or were aware of existing wildlife regulations. Awareness of wildlife depletion was also low, with 60% reporting no awareness and 40% uncertain. These findings highlight the economic importance of bushmeat trade while revealing critical gaps in conservation awareness, underscoring the need for targeted education and sustainable livelihood options.